From Leaders in Knowledge to Sources of Slaves: The Transformation of Africa

… Europe’s Renaissance. On the East African coast, Swahili city-states like … Middle Passage. This human cargo was the backbone of the … later cotton required immense labor. Africans, with agricultural expertise and relative … dī’s Taʾrīkh al-Sūdān down to 1613 and …
From Leaders in Knowledge to Sources of Slaves: The Transformation of Africa